CIPS L5M15 Exam Past Papers

Advanced Negotiation

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L5M15 Past Exams

L5M15 Past Exams
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L5M15 Quick Exam-Ready Summary:

Principles & Context of Negotiation

Strategic role, ethics, power, culture, relationship management

Preparation & Planning

BATNA, ZOPA, cost analysis, market data, stakeholder mapping

Strategies, Styles & Tactics

Distributive vs integrative, Harvard model, psychological tactics, persuasion

Conducting & Managing Negotiations

Team roles, leadership, power types, digital negotiation, conflict resolution

Post-Negotiation & Improvement

Evaluation, lessons learned, benchmarking, capability building

CIPS L5M15 Exam Focus Areas – 2025 (Master List)

“These are core learning areas, but CIPS may include questions from other parts of the syllabus.” ⚠️

1. Principles and Context of Advanced Negotiation
  • Core Concepts:
    • Definition and objectives of negotiation at strategic level.
    • Differences between tactical, operational, and strategic negotiations.
    • Importance of power balance, trust, and long-term relationships.
    • Ethical standards and professional integrity (CIPS Code of Conduct)
  • Strategic Context:
    • Negotiation as part of strategic sourcing and category management.
    • Alignment of negotiation objectives with organisational goals.
    • Internal vs external stakeholders and preparation alignment.
    • Role of culture, environment, and context in global negotiations.
  • Preparation Process:
    • Defining objectives, BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement), and reservation points.
    • Gathering data: spend, supplier performance, market intelligence.
    • Understanding the other party’s needs, pressures, and alternatives.
    • Setting priorities and identifying negotiation variables (price, delivery, risk, innovation, ESG factors).
  • Analytical Tools:
    • SWOT, PESTLE, Porter’s Five Forces for supplier market analysis.
    • Cost analysis and should-cost modelling.
    • Game theory and scenario planning.
    • Stakeholder and power mapping (Mendelow’s Matrix, French & Raven’s Power Bases).
  • Negotiation Strategies:
    • Distributive (win–lose) vs Integrative (win–win) approaches.
    • Competitive, collaborative, and principled negotiation models.
    • Harvard Negotiation Principles (interests, options, legitimacy, alternatives, communication, commitment).
    • Use of ZOPA (Zone of Possible Agreement).
  • Tactics and Behaviours:
    • Common tactics: anchoring, silence, bluffing, good cop–bad cop, concession planning.
    • Psychological and behavioural influences (emotions, heuristics, cultural dimensions).
    • The role of persuasion, framing, and communication style.
    • Managing difficult negotiations and deadlocks.
  • Process Management:
    • Setting the agenda, sequencing issues, and controlling tempo.
    • Chairing and managing negotiation teams.
    • Use of negotiation logs, minutes, and review templates.
    • Role of leadership and emotional intelligence during discussions.
  • Power and Influence:
    • Types of power: legitimate, expert, reward, coercive, referent.
    • Balancing dependency and leverage in long-term supplier relationships.
    • Managing internal politics and cross-functional input.
  • Digital and Remote Negotiation:
    • Video conferencing and virtual negotiation challenges.
    • Technology tools for analysis and recording outcomes.
    • Non-verbal cues and etiquette in online settings.
  • Performance Review:
    • Post-negotiation debrief and lessons learned.
    • Comparing negotiated outcomes to objectives and KPIs.
    • Supplier feedback and relationship impact.
    • Contract alignment and communication of outcomes.
  • Continuous Improvement:
    • Capturing knowledge for organisational learning.
    • Benchmarking negotiation performance.
    • Training, mentoring, and competency development in negotiators.
    • Embedding negotiation capability into organisational strategy.
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